THE GENEALOGY OF KINGDOMS IN THE ARCHIPELAGO WITH ROOTS IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN, THE BANJAR TRIBE
By: Hamly Hadi
(History Observer)
1. Tanjung Puri
Established in Banua Lima, South Kalimantan, around 242 BC, by the Warga Sungga Dynasty from Magadha (India), with the Banjar tribe as its troops and subjects.
2. Kutai
Established in East Kalimantan around 350 AD. Its founder was Kundungga, the son of the King of Tanjung Puri, Atwangga.
3. Champa
Established in South Vietnam around 350 AD. Its founder was Rajendra Warman, the son of Atwangga, the King of Tanjung Puri, and the younger brother of Kundungga, the King of Kutai.
Rajendra Warman brought many Banjar people from Tanjung Puri to conquer the Lamap kingdom, thus gaining control of South Vietnam and establishing the Champa kingdom.
4. Srivijaya
Founded in South Sumatra in 683 AD, its founder was Dapunta Hiyang Srijayanasa, from the Tanjung Puri Kingdom.
The younger brother of Maharaja Sri Mulawarman Naladewa, named Wamsejenjat, was given the title Maharaja Dijayawarman. He married the daughter of the King of Campa and became King of Campa. He then had a son, Dapunta Hiyang Srijayanasa. He settled in Tanjung Puri and then went to Sumatra to establish the Srivijaya Empire, bringing 20,000 Banjar people on 1,312 Sambau ships.
5. Tanjung Pura
Founded in West Kalimantan in 700 AD,
Its founder was Sang Maniaka from Srivijaya.
6. Wijaya Pura
Founded in West Kalimantan (Sambas) in 700 AD, its founder was Libau from Srivijaya.
7. Dharmasraya
Established on the banks of the Batanghari River in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province, in 1183. The founder of the Dharmasraya kingdom was Srimat Trilokyarala Maulibhusana Warmadewa, a descendant of Dapunta Hiyang Srijayanasa.
8. Tumasik
Established in Singapore in 1299 AD, its founder was Sang Nila Utama.
9. Pagaruyung
Established in Tanah Datar, West Sumatra, in 1347 AD, the Pagaruyung kingdom was a continuation of the Dharmasraya kingdom, whose center of government was moved to Tanah Datar by Adityawarman. Pagaruyung then transformed into an Islamic sultanate in the 17th century, giving birth to the Minangkabau identity.
10. Malacca
Founded in the city of Malacca in 1402 AD, its founder was Prameswara of Tumasik, a descendant of Srivijaya. The Malacca Kingdom, originally a Hindu kingdom, later transformed into an Islamic sultanate in 1406 AD. Prameswara changed his name to Sultan Iskandar Syah. It was in the Malacca Sultanate that the Malay people and the Malay language were born.
11. Johor
The Johor Sultanate was founded in Old Johor (now Old Johor, Kota Tinggi, Malaysia) in 1528 by Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah II as the successor to the Malacca Sultanate. However, its capital frequently moved to various strategic locations on the Malay Peninsula and the Riau Islands, such as Sayong Pinang, Batu Sawar, Bintan, Lingga, and eventually Singapore, making it a major maritime power in the region.
12. Perak
The Perak Sultanate was founded in 1528 when Sultan Muzaffar Shah I, son of Sultan Mahmud of the Malacca Sultanate, was crowned Sultan of Perak after fleeing the Portuguese, marking the beginning of the Perak dynasty centered in the Perak region of Malaysia.
13. Siak
The Kingdom of Siak Sri Indrapura was an Islamic Malay Sultanate that existed in Riau, Indonesia, from 1723 to 1946, founded by the Raja Kecil (Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmat Syah) of the Johor Kingdom.
14. Pahang
Founded around 1470 after the collapse of the Malay Sultanate of Malacca, it was reunited with Johor in 1623.
The modern Pahang Sultanate re-emerged after the Bendahara government became independent from Johor (around 1853), and was formalized as a modern sultanate in 1881 by Wan Ahmad.
15. Riau Lingga
The Riau-Lingga Kingdom was founded in 1824 as a result of an agreement between England and the Netherlands (the London Agreement) which broke up the Johor-Riau Sultanate, making it a Malay kingdom centered on Lingga Island with Sultan Abdul Rahman Muazzam Syah as its founder, and ended in 1911 when it was abolished by the Dutch.**
Banjarmasin, January 3 2026
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